Background: Socrates encounters Euthyphro on his way to the magistrate’s office where he is to answer charges of impiety (lack of reverence for god).
Euthyphro just dismissed murder charges against his father and professes to be acting upon gods wishes while having esoteric knowledge on the topic of ‘piety’.
Socrates uses this opportunity to enquire upon what the gods want so he can rebut the accusations laid against him.
Key Lessons :
Defining The Problem:
Socrates helps us realise a line of questioning to help better describe our reasons for action and how to apply the essence of such action to every situation.
E.g. In the case of justice:
- Is it only a utility to stop the wicked(Having consequences for your actions)?
- Is it showing fairness(giving people what they need or deserve e.g. medical attention or fire service)?
- Is it Equity (Everyone has the same ending point e.g. the same salary regardless of work produced)?
- Is it Equality(Everyone has the same starting point e.g. minimum wage)?
- What purpose does it have an on an individual basis or on a societal level(This question regards where it should be applied)?
On an individual level, Justice is the act of doing one’s best with an emphasis on fairness. On a societal level, Justice is the act of giving everyone equal opportunity within a merit-based system where the good of the whole is considered more important than the individual.
Justice is the result of a well-ordered soul. Justice is showing wisdom, courage and temperance for the sake of others.
True Understanding:
An accurate understanding refers to a model or a standard which is clear, nonconflicting and unambiguous. E.g. The fact, in every situation, for every person, is the same. It cannot be disputed.
Socrates through this dialogue offers us a guide on how one should examine oneself.
